"No sign of fraud observed in Kenyan Presidential election" - EU Supervisor

The east African nation, still keenly aware of post-election violence a decade ago that left 1,100 dead, remains tense after a day of isolated protests in opposition strongholds.

Unrest broke out on Wednesday after opposition leader Raila Odinga claimed massive fraud as incumbent Uhuru Kenyatta surged ahead in provisional results, with 54 percent compared to 44.7 percent in results from more than 96 percent of polling stations.

Two protesters were shot dead in the flashpoint slum of Mathare in Nairobi, where police also fired tear gas at crowds who burned tyres and blocked roads throughout the day.

Japheth Koome, police chief for Nairobi, said the two who were killed had tried to "attack our officers with pangas (machetes) and that's when the officers opened fire on them."

Decrying a "sham" tallying process, Odinga detailed accusations of a major hacking attack on the electronic voting system, saying hackers had gained entry using the identity of top IT official Chris Msando, who was found tortured and murdered late last month.

"This is an attack on our democracy. The 2017 general election was a fraud," said Odinga.

The 72-year-old, who is making his fourth bid for the presidency as the flagbearer for the National Super Alliance (NASA) coalition, has accused his rivals of stealing victory by also rigging votes in 2007 and 2013.

"You can only cheat a people for so long," he said.

FRANCE 24’s Nairobi correspondent Julia Steers said that although calm had returned to the streets following Wednesday’s deadly clashes, the election outcome remained unclear.

“There’s huge pressure on the electoral commission to come out with more information today to hopefully reassure people that everything’s been carried out in a free and fair manner,” Steers said.

The hacking claims were also denied by the head of Kenya's Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC), Ezra Chiloba, who said on Wednesday that the crucial electronic system had not been compromised.

"Our team has reviewed the system and established that the claims cannot be substantiated," he told a press conference.

"Our election management system is secure. There was no external or internal interference to the system at any point before, during or after the voting."

Odinga's claims led to isolated protests in his stronghold in the western city of Kisumu as well as in slums in Nairobi.

"If Raila is not president, we can't have peace," one Kisumu protester told AFP.

Resident Geoffery Omondi, 22 shook his head as protesters lit a new fire nearby. "It is very painful to watch. The problem is the IEBC who did not announce results well."

Aside from the alleged hacking, the opposition's main complaint was that results streaming in electronically had yet to be backed up by a scanned copy of the results from constituencies.

Chiloba assured that these forms were coming in and that candidates' teams were being given access to them. The IEBC has insisted the results on its public website should not be considered final until they have been cross-checked.

Raphael Tuju, secretary-general of Kenyatta's Jubilee party, urged the opposition to "look at the figures soberly" and accept the results.

Odinga urged his supporters to "remain calm as we look deep into this matter".

But he added: "I don't control the people."

The heads of nine international observer missions earlier released a statement calling on parties and their supporters to remain calm, and turn to the courts with their grievances.

"We appeal to all citizens of Kenya to remain committed to peace and the integrity of the electoral process," read the statement.

The contest between Odinga and Kenyatta was seen by pollsters as too close to call ahead of the vote. It is the second time the two men have faced off in a presidential election, a dynastic rivalry that has lasted more than half a century since their fathers Jomo Kenyatta and Jaramogi Odinga went from allies in the struggle for independence to bitter rivals.

Kenyatta, 55, is credited with overseeing steady economic growth of more than five percent. But food prices have soared under his watch, and several major corruption scandals broke out in his first term.